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2. Including Family Day Care Providers in Maryland's Preschool for All: Options and Recommendations. This paper analyzes the Montgomery County Council's recommendation to include family day care providers in the implementation of the State of Maryland's universal pre-k program, Preschool for All. The author examines potential models for implementation of such a policy, including an analysis of school readiness data and strategies to reach children who do not qualify for pre-k programs.

Upon discovering the majority of Montgomery County children at this age receive informal care at home, the author recommends and describes the implementation of a model that would allow the inclusion of family care providers in the Preschool for All program, but would also cater to children who do not participate in licensed family care through a Community Connections model.

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3. Analysis and Recommendations for Client Information Confidentiality Issues Related to Montgomery County Department of Health and Human Services' Service Integration Initiative. This paper assesses the Montgomery County Department of Health and Human Services' (DHHS) new service integration initiative, which is meant to increase interaction between the DHHS and the community's most vulnerable populations. The author finds that service integration has been restricted by federal and state confidentiality laws and proposes legal options for overcoming the limitations they place on DHHS employees.

Following an analysis of each option, the author recommends to the County a combination of these options, including a reevaluation of state and federal confidentiality law interpretation and informed consent agreements in DHHS services, lobbying the State to include confidentiality exceptions and exploring new technology to protect confidentiality.

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4. A Cultural and Linguistic Competency Assessment Tool for Montgomery County's Health and Human Services Department. This paper responds to the problem of Montgomery County Health and Human Services Department delivering disproportional services to different ethnic and racial groups. The author reviews this evidence and argues that the Department must develop an assessment tool which identifies its strengths and weaknesses in delivering culturally and linguistically competent care.

The author evaluates six existing cultural and linguistic competency assessment tools and recommends that the strengths from all six tools be combined into a new model that includes questions such as the staff's biases and attitudes toward minorities, the agency's policies toward cultural and linguistic competency, the data collected by the agency regarding its clients, and the agency's use of translators.

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5. George B. Thomas Academy and Parent Involvement. This paper presents policy options to the George B. Thomas Learning Academy (GBTLA) for improving the academic achievement of its at-risk students. GBTLA is one of many Montgomery County Public Schools (MCPS) that suffer from a severe achievement gap between the highest and lowest performing racial and socio-economic groups. Since increasing parent involvement in education is a key contribution to improving academic success, MCPS has implemented initiatives to promote parent interaction in the learning process. The author evaluates the initiatives and finds they fail to directly engage parents of at-risk students.

Responding to GBTLA's desire for a policy improving parent involvement with the express goal of reducing the achievement gap in student success, the author then evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of the GBTLA curriculum and administration and recommends strategies to help meet its goals. Suggested strategies include staff support, parent workshops, motivational sessions, and home communications.

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6. Universal Breakfast Programs in Montgomery County. This paper, directed to the Montgomery County Public Schools (MCPS) Director of Food and Nutrition Services, addresses the MCPS's options for replacing its Maryland Meals for Achievement universal breakfast program with a more cost-effective solution. The author reviews research demonstrating mixed conclusions concerning the effectiveness of universal breakfast programs, but finds that nutritionally at-risk students benefit significantly.

The author presents four options, which are evaluated for cost, implementation challenges, and potential impact on the achievement gap, and recommends adapting existing programs to overcome barriers to access and attempting to obtain additional federal reimbursement by individually reviewing schools to determine if the number of free and reduced price eligible students triggers assistance for universal coverage.

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7. The Cost of Excellence. This paper, directed to Montgomery and Fairfax County Public Schools (MCPS and FCPS), analyzes data showing that FCPS spends less per pupil than MCPS. Spending data is used to determine where FCPS saves money compared to MCPS and whether the savings are significant. District organization, school characteristics, and district and subgroup achievement trends are analyzed to determine which district has had higher overall achievement and which was making bigger gains in subgroup level achievement. Specific attention is given to differences in the districts' scale and demographic landscapes that affect both the cost of providing education as well as subgroup-level achievement.

The author finds that spending and achievement in MCPS is not significantly higher than FCPS' spending once accounting for scale and demographics.

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